Testicular Cancer

What Is Testicular Cancer?

Testicular cancer begins in the testicles (or testes), which are responsible for producing male hormones and sperm. Though relatively rare, it is the most common cancer in males ages 15 to 35.

Fortunately, testicular cancer is highly treatable, even when diagnosed at later stages.

2024 U.S. Statistics

• Estimated New Cases: ~9,760

• Estimated Deaths: ~500

• Survival Rate: Over 95% for early-stage cases

• Average Age at Diagnosis: 33 years old
  
  

Risk Factors

• Undescended Testicle (Cryptorchidism)

• Family History of Testicular Cancer

• Previous History of the Disease

• Caucasian Ethnicity (Higher risk)
  
  

Most patients do not have a clear risk factor.

Common Symptoms

• A lump or swelling in one testicle

• A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum

• Dull ache in the groin or lower abdomen

• Sudden collection of fluid in the scrotum

• Pain or discomfort in a testicle or scrotum

Many cases are discovered by self-exam. Regular monthly checks are encouraged.

Diagnosis

• Scrotal Ultrasound – To assess lumps or abnormalities

• Blood Tests – Tumor markers (AFP, hCG, LDH)

• CT Scan or MRI – To check for spread beyond the testicle

• Surgical Removal (Orchiectomy) – Often the first step and also diagnostic
  
  

Types of Testicular Cancer

• Seminomas – Grow more slowly and usually respond well to radiation

• Non-Seminomas – Faster growing and more common in younger men
  
  

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the type and stage, but typically includes:

• Surgery – Inguinal orchiectomy (removal of affected testicle)

• Radiation Therapy – Often used for seminomas

• Chemotherapy – Highly effective for advanced cases

• Surveillance – Close monitoring after surgery for low-risk cases

Most men maintain full fertility and hormonal function, especially with early detection.